NEET Biology Multiple Choice Questions – Photosynthesis In Higher Plants

Photosynthesis In Higher Plants Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1. Photosynthesis is

1. Anabolic, exergonic, and oxidation-reduction process
2. Catabolic, exergonic, and oxidation-reduction process
3. Anabolic, endergonic, and oxidation-reduction process
4. Catabolic, endergonic, and oxidation-reduction process

Answer: 3. Anabolic, endergonic, and oxidation-reduction process

Question 2. At which step oxygen is used in the peroxisome?

1. Glycolate to glyoxylate
2. Glyoxylate to glycine
3. Glycine to serine
4. Serine to hydroxy pyruvate

Answer: 1. Glycolate to glyoxylate

Question 3. Who found that water is an essential requirement of photosynthesis?

1. J. Priestley
2. Saussure
3. Helmont
4. Ingen Housz

Answer: 2. Saussure

Question 4. The wavelength of PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) is

1. 40-70 nm
2. 400-700 mn
3. 400-700Å
4. 40-70 Å

Answer: 2. 400-700 mn

Question 5. The bulk fixation of carbon through photosynthesis takes place in

1. Crop plants
2. Tropical rain forests
3. Ocean
4. Both (1) and (2)

Answer: 3. Ocean

Question 6. Photosynthesis process was first discovered by

1. Priestley
2. Ingen Housz
3. Engleman
4. Blackman

Answer: 2. Ingen Housz

Question 7. A tadpole-like configuration is found in

1. Chlorophyll
2. Carotenoids
3. Phycobilins
4. Anthocyanin

Answer: 1. Chlorophyll

Question 8. Choose the correct statement.

1. Chlorophyll-a is soluble in petroleum ether and shows maximum absorption peaks at 453 nm and 642 nm.
2. In chlorophyll-b, -CH₃ replaces -CHO at 3-C of chlorophyll-a.
3. Chlorophyll-b is soluble in methyl alcohol and shows maximum absorption peaks in 429 nm and 660 nm.
4. For the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, the raw materials required are succinyl Co-A and glycine.

Answer: 4. For the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, raw materials required are succinyl Co-A and glycine.

Question 9. A quantasome consists of 230 chlorophyll molecules and acts as a photosynthetic unit. It was discovered by

1. Park and Biggins
2. Hatch and Slack
3. Pelletier and Caventou
4. Blackman

Answer: 1. Park and Biggins

Question 10. Chlorophyll-c is found in

1. Brown algae
2. Red algae
3. Green algae
4. Green algae and Embryophyta

Answer: 1. Brown algae

Question 11. The first step in photosynthesis is

1. Excitation of chlorophyll by light
2. Ionization of water
3. ATP synthesis
4. Production of assimilatory power

Answer: 1. Excitation of chlorophyll by light

Question 12. Electric charge separation or quantum conversion occurs at

1. Antenna molecules
2. Thylakoid membrane
3. Reaction center
4. Stroma

Answer: 3. Reaction center

Question 13. Phycobilins found in blue-green algae and red algae are/have

1. Soluble in hot water
2. Found in chromatophores
3. Mg⁺² and tail
4. Lipoidal in nature

Answer: 1. Soluble in hot water

Question 14. The photo system is composed of

1. Reaction center
2. Light harvesting complex
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. Granum

Answer: 3. Both (1) and (2)

Question 15. PS-2 is found in

1. Stacked part of granum
2. Non-stacked part of granum
3. Stroma thylakoid
4. Stroma

Answer: 1. Stacked part of granum

Question 16. Photosystem concerned with the reduction of NADP is

1. PS-1
2. PS-2
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. Quantasome

Answer: 1. PS-1

Question 17. The reaction center of Rhodobacterium was crystallized by

1. Amon
2. Huber etal
3. Emerson
4. Warburg

Answer: 2. Huber etal

Question 18. If a photosynthesizing plant releases oxygen containing more than the normal amount of 180, it is concluded that the plant has been supplied with

1. C₆H₁₂O₆ containing ¹⁸O
2. H₂O containing ¹⁸O
3. CO₂ containing ¹⁸O
4. Oxygen in the form of ozone

Answer: 2. H₂O containing ¹⁸O

Question 19. Minerals involved in the photo-oxidation of water is

1. Mn, Cl, Ca
2. Mg, Fe, Mn
3. Mn Fe, Ca
4. N, P, K

Answer: 1. Mn, Cl, Ca

Question 20. The light reaction produces assimilatory power in the form of

1. ATP, NADH₂
2. ATP, NADPH₂
3. NAD
4. NADP

Answer: 2. ATP, NADPH₂

Question 21. The z-scheme in the thylakoid membrane is concerned with

1. Reduction of NAD
2. Reduction of CO₂
3. Electron transfer
4. All of these

Answer: 3. Electron transfer

Question 22. The primary electron acceptor of PS-2 is

1. Pheophytin
2. Ferredoxin
3. PQ
4. PC

Answer: 1. Pheophytin

Question 23. The absorption of radiant energy causes

1. Reduction of chlorophyll
2. Oxidation of chlorophyll
3. Absorption of CO₂
4. Evolution of O₂

Answer: 2. Oxidation of chlorophyll

Question 24. The action spectrum of photosynthesis was discovered by

1. Van Niel
2. Engelman
3. Blackman
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Engelman

Question 25. The chemiosmotic theory for photophosphorylation was given by

1. P-Mitchell
2. Amon
3. Arnold
4. Anderson

Answer: 1. P-Mitchell

Question 26. PS-1 is located on

1. The inner surface of the thylakoid membrane
2. The outer surface of the thylakoid membrane
3. Both surfaces of the thylakoid membrane
4. The stroma of chloroplasts

Answer: 2. The outer surface of the thylakoid membrane

Question 27. The red drop effect was studied by

1. Van Niel
2. Blink
3. Emerson
4. Calvin

Answer: 3. Emerson

Question 28. C₃ cycle (reductive pentose phosphate cycle) is basically a

1. CO₂ reduction cycle
2. CO₂ oxidation cycle
3. Photochemical reaction
4. Both (2) and (3)

Answer: 1. CO₂ reduction cycle

Question 29. To reduce 1 CO₂ molecule in C₃ cycle, assimilatory power needed is

1. 3 ATP, 2NP, DPH₂
2. 2 ATP, 3NADPH₂
3. 5 ATP, 2NADPH₂
4. 6.5 ATP, 2NADPH₂

Answer: 1. 3ATP, 2NP, DPH₂

Question 30. Q₁₀ of light reaction is

1. 1
2. 2-3
3. 5
4. ∞

Answer: 1. 1

Question 31. CO₂ acceptor and carboxylation enzyme in C₃ plants are, respectively,

1. PEP, PEPCO
2. RuBP, RuBisCO
3. OAA, RuBisCO
4. 3 PGA, RuBisCO

Answer: 2. RuBP, RuBisCO

Question 32. A bifunctional enzyme is

1. Phosphoglycerate kinase
2. PEPCO
3. RuBisCO
4. Phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase

Answer: 3. RuBisCO

Question 33. Which is not a step in the Calvin cycle?

1. Carboxylation
2. Glycolytic reversal
3. Regeneration
4. Photophosphorylation

Answer: 4. Photophosphorylation

Question 34. Cyclic photophosphorylation releases

1. ATP and NADPH₂
2. ATP, NADPH₂, and oxygen
3. ATP only
4. NADPH₂ only

Answer: 3. ATP only

Question 35. Which of the following is a copper-containing protein acting as a mobile electron carrier in the thylakoid membrane?

1. Plastocyanin
2. Plastoquinone
3. Pheophytin
4. Cytochrome b₆

Answer: 1. Plastocyanin

Question 36. Reducing agents for CO₂ fixation in bacterial photosynthesis is

1. NADH₂
2. NADPH₂
3. FMNH₂
4. All of these

Answer: 1. NADH₂

Question 37. A wasteful light-induced respiratory process releasing CO₂ is called

1. Warberg effect
2. Kutusky effect
3. Photorespiration
4. CAM

Answer: 3. Photorespiration

Question 38. In photorespiration, release of CO₂ occurs in

1. Mitochondria
2. Chloroplast
3. Peroxisomes
4. All of these

Answer: 1. Mitochondria

Question 39. Inhibition of photosynthesis in high concentration of O₂ is called

1. Warberg effect
2. Kutusky effect
3. Pasteur effect
4. Emerson effect

Answer: 1. Warberg effect

Question 40. The substrate of photorespiration is

1. OAA
2. Glycolic acid
3. 3-PGA
4. PEP

Answer: 2. Glycolic acid

Question 41. Photorespiration occurs

1. During day time
2. In C₃ plants
3. In cooperation with chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 42. DCMU, (3,4-chlorophenyl,l-dimethyl urea, also called diuron) a potent herbicide, inhibits

1. O₂ evolution
2. Photophosphorylation
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer: 4. Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 43. An oxidative phosphorylation is the formation of

1. NADPH₂ in respiration
2. NADPH₂ in photosynthesis
3. ATP in respiration
4. ATP in photosynthesis

Answer: 3. ATP in respiration

Question 44. CO₂-concentrating steps are found in

1. C₃ Plants
2. C₄ plants
3. CAM plants
4. Temperate plants

Answer: 2. C₄ plants

Question 45. The number of carboxylations in the photosynthesis in sorghum and maize is

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Answer: 2. 2

Question 46. Kranz anatomy is

1. Having peripheral reticulum in chloroplast
2. The presence of a distinct bundle sheath
3. Dimorphic chloroplast
4. Large vacuoles in mesophyll cells

Answer: 2. Presence of distinct bundle sheath

Question 47. In C₄ plants, the first product is

1. 3-PGA
2. OAA
3. Malic acid
4. Glutamic acid

Answer: 2. OAA

Question 48. In C₄ plants, mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells are specialized to perform, respectively,

1. Light reaction and dark reaction
2. Dark reaction and light reaction
3. Light reaction and photorespiration
4. Photorespiration and dark reaction

Answer: 1. Light reaction and dark reaction

Question 49. Low-temperature sensitivity of C₄ plants are due to

1. PEP synthetase
2. PEPCO
3. RuBisCO
4. Malate dehydrogenase

Answer: 1. PEP synthetase

Question 50. The members of which of the following families show Kranz anatomy?

1. Compositae and Amaranthaceae
2. Chenopodiaceae and Euphorbiaceae
3. Gramineae
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 51. The initial CO₂ acceptor in C₄ plants is

1. PEP
2. PGA
3. RuBP
4. Pyruvate

Answer: 1. PEP

Question 52. Agranal chloroplasts are found in the

1. Mesophyll of pea leaves
2. Bundle sheath of mango leaves
3. Mesophyll of maize leaves
4. Bundle sheath of sugarcane leaves

Answer: 4. Bundle sheath of sugarcane leaves

Question 53. The technique which has been most useful for investigating the Calvin cycle is

1. Radioactive isotope technique
2. Biotechnology technique
3. Photometric technique
4. Flashlight experimental technique

Answer: 1. Radioactive isotope technique

Question 54. Which is not true for CAM plants?

1. Scotoactive opening of stomata
2. Dark acidification of cytoplasm
3. Separation of Hatch-Slack cycle and O₃ cycle in time
4. Single carboxylation

Answer: 4. Single carboxylation

Question 55. CAM pathway operates in

1. Drought-escaping xerophytes
2. Drought-resisting xerophytes
3. Drought-enduring xerophytes
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Drought-resisting xerophytes

Question 56. Photosynthesis in green algae and bacteria is, respectively,

1. Oxygenic and anoxygenic
2. Anoxygenic and oxygenic
3. Oxygenic in both
4. Anoxygenic in both

Answer: 1. Oxygenic and anoxygenic

Question 57. Law of limiting factor was given by

1. Liebig
2. Amon
3. Blackman
4. Wilstatter

Answer: 3. Blackman

Question 58. Find the odd one (with respect to double carboxylation).

1. Zcamays
2. Euphorbia maculala
3. Piston sativum
4. Amaranthus

Answer: 3. Piston sativum

Question 59. The process in which organisms do not require light and pigment and synthesize their food, utilizing energy released by the oxidation of inorganic and organic substances, is

1. Photoautotrophic
2. Heterotrophic
3. Chemosynthesis
4. Saprophytistn

Answer: 3. Chemosynthesis

Question 60. The essentiality of light in photosynthesis can be demonstrated by

1. Molls half leaf experiment
2. Ganong screen
3. Inverted funnel experiment
4. KOH solution

Answer: 2. Ganong screen

Question 61. Photochemical reactions in the chloroplasts are directly involved in the

1. Fixation of carbon dioxide
2. Synthesis of glucose and starch
3. Formation of phosphoglyceric acid
4. Photolysis of water and phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

Answer: 4. Photolysis of water and phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

Question 62. Which of the following elements are essential for the photolysis of water?

1. Ca and Cl
2. Mn and Cl
3. Zn and I
4. Cu and Fe

Answer: 2. Mn and Cl

Question 63. Which of the following is involved in the transfer of electrons in photosynthesis?

1. Phytochrome
2. Cytochrome
3. Photohormone
4. Desmosome

Answer: 2. Cytochrome

Question 64. The substrate for photorespiration is

1. Glycolatc
2. Glucose
3. Lipid
4. Sucrose

Answer: 1. Glycolatc

Question 65. In aquaria, green plants are grown for

1. CO₂ production
2. Starch production
3. O₂ Production
4. Increase beauty

Answer: 3. O₂ Production

Question 66. A structure known as peroxisomes is associated with

1. Photosynthesis
2. Respiration
3. Photorespiration
4. Photophosphorylation

Answer: 3. Photorespiration

Question 67. In the mesophyll cells of CAM plants, CCL fixation during the day occurs through

1. RuBP oxygenase
2. PEP carboxylase
3. RuBP carboxylase
4. Both RuBP carboxylase and PEP carboxylase

Answer: 3. RuBP carboxylase

Question 68. The first electron acceptor in photosystem-1 of cyclic photophosphorylation is

1. Cytochrome
2. Plastocyanin
3. Ferredoxin
4. Plastoquinone

Answer: 3. Ferredoxin

Question 69. Kranz anatomy is found in the leaves of

1. C₃ plants
2. C₄ plants
3. Both C₃ and C₄ plants
4. None of these

Answer: 2. C₄ plants

Question 70. In bacterial photosynthesis

1. PS-1 is present
2. PS-2 is present
3. Both PS-1 and PS-2 are present
4. None of these are present

Answer: 1. PS-1 is present

Question 71. Which chlorophyll molecule does not have a phytol tail?

1. chl a
2. chl b
3. chl c
4. chl d

Answer: 3. chl c

Question 72. Calvin used algae in his experiment to trace out the path of carbon. The algae used were

1. Chlorella and Chlamydomonas
2. Chlorella and Scenedesmus
3. Chlorococcum and Chlorella
4. Chlorococuum and Scenedesmus

Answer: 2. Chlorella and Scenedesmus

Question 73. Which element is essential for the photolysis of water?

1. Nitrogen
2. Chlorine
3. Carbon
4. Oxygen

Answer: 2. Chlorine

Question 74. In C₄ plants, initial CO₂ fixation takes place in the chloroplasts of

1. Guard cells
2. Mesophyll cells
3. Spongy tissue
4. Bundle sheath

Answer: 2. Mesophyll cells

Question 75. Which one of the following elements is required for photosynthetic oxygen evolution?

1. Copper
2. Iron
3. Manganese
4. Zinc

Answer: 3. Manganese

Question 76. Agranal chloroplasts occur in

1. Succulents
2. C₃ plants
3. C₄ plants
4. Hydrophytes

Answer: 3. C₄ plants

Question 77. The wavelength of light most absorbed by chlorophyll-a during photosynthesis is

1. 400 nm
2. 550 nm
3. 660 nm
4. 700 nm

Answer: 1. 400 nm

Question 78. Which are related with photorespiration?

1. Spherosome
2. Lysosomes
3. Glyoxysomes
4. Peroxisomes

Answer: 4. Peroxisomes

Question 79. Which of the following is a C₄ plant?

1. Sugarcane
2. Mango
3. Apple
4. Tomato

Answer: 1. Sugarcane

Question 80. The first stable compound formed in photosynthesis of C₄ plants is

1. Phosphoglyceric acid
2. Strach
3. Pyruvic acid
4. Ribulose diphosphate

Answer: 1. Phosphoglyceric acid

Question 81. Ferredoxin is a component of

1. PS-1
2. PS-2
3. Hill reaction
4. P₆₈₀

Answer: 1. PS-1

Question 82. The correct percentage of CO₂ in the atmosphere is

1. 0.03%
2. 0.3%
3. 1%
4. 11%

Answer: 1. 0.03%

Question 83. Isotopes used in photosynthesis were

1. C¹¹ and P³²
2. C¹⁵ and P³²
3. C¹⁶ and P¹⁵
4. C¹⁴ and O¹⁸

Answer: 4. C¹⁴ and O¹⁸

Question 84. P₆₈₀ is related with

1. PS-1
2. PS-2
3. Hill reaction
4. None

Answer: 2. PS-2

Question 85. NADP reduces to NADPH₂

1. PS-1
2. PS-2
3. Calvin cycle
4. Non-cyclic ETS

Answer: 4. Non-cyclic ETS

Question 86. Hills reaction was completed in

1. Light
2. Dark
3. Both
4. None

Answer: 1. Light

Question 87. Who described C₄ pathway for the first time?

1. Hatch and Slack
2. Robert hill
3. Hens Kerbs
4. Melvin Kelvin

Answer: 1. Hatch and Slack

Question 88. In photosynthesis, for the synthesis of one mole of glucose number of ATP and NADPH₂ required is

1. 12 and 18
2. 18 and 12
3. 6 and 12
4. 18 and 18

Answer: 2. 18 and 12

Question 89. The first acceptor of CO₂ in C₄ plant is

1. Pyruvic acid
2. Phosphoenol pyruvic
3. Acetic acid
4. Oxaloacetic acid

Answer: 2. Phosphoenol pyruvic

Question 90. Insectivorous plants usually survive in

1. Water-rich soil
2. N₂-deficient soil
3. N₂-rich soil
4. Sugar-deficient medium

Answer: 2. N₂-deficient soil

Question 91. In the process of photosynthesis, water molecule breaks in

1. Red drop
2. Photolysis
3. Phosphorylation
4. Carbon assimilation

Answer: 2. Photolysis

Question 92. Who proved that oxygen evolved in photosynthesis comes from water?

1. Calvin
2. Mayer
3. Blackman
4. Ruben, Hassid, and Kamen

Answer: 4. Ruben, Hassid, and Kamen

Question 93. The process in which water splits during photosynthesis is

1. Plasmolysis
2. Photolysis
3. hydrolysis
4. Hemolysis

Answer: 2. Photolysis

Question 94. Which of the following was used during the discovery of the Calvin cycle?

1. Spirogyra
2. Volvox
3. Chlamydomonas
4. Chlorella

Answer: 4. Chlorella

Question 95. Which of the following is the maximum in chloroplast?

1. RuBP carboxylase
2. Hexokinase
3. Phosphatase
4. Nuclease

Answer: 1. RuBP carboxylase

Question 96. O₂ released in the process of photosynthesis comes from

1. CO₂
2. Water
3. Sugar
4. Pyruvic acid

Answer: 2. Water

Question 97. The first carbon dioxide acceptor in C₄ plants is

1. Phosphoenol pyruvate
2. Oxaloacetic acid
3. Phosphoglyceric acid
4. Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate

Answer: 1. Phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 98. C₄ plants are different from C₃ plants with reference to the

1. Type of pigments involved in photosynthesis
2. The number of NADPH that arc consumed
3. End product
4. The substance that accepts CO₂ in carbon assimilation and the first stable product

Answer: 4. The substance that accepts CO₂ in carbon assimilation and the first stable product

Question 99. Calvin cycle occurs in

1. Cytoplasm
2. Chloroplasts
3. Mitochondria
4. Glyoxysoiues

Answer: 2. Chloroplasts

Question 100. Oxygen which is liberated during photosynthesis comes from

1. CO₂
2. H₂O
3. Phosphoglyceric
4. Chlorophyll

Answer: 2. H₂O

Question 101. Which one is produced during cyclic photophosphorylation?

1. ATP and NADPH₂
2. ATP only
3. ATP and O₂
4. NADPH₂

Answer: 2. ATP only

Question 102. A student sets up an experiment on photosynthesis as follows: He takes soda water in a glass tumbler adds chlorophyll into the contents and keeps the tumbler exposed to sunlight hoping that he has provided the necessary ingredients for photosynthesis to proceed (viz.. CO₂, H₂O, chlorophyll, and light). What do you think happens after, say, a few hours of exposure of light?

1. Photosynthesis will take place and glucose will be produced.
2. Photosynthesis will take place and starch will be produced which turn the mixture turbid.
3. Photosynthesis will not take place because CO₂ dissolved in soda water escapes into the atmosphere.
4. Photosynthesis will not take place because intact chloroplasts are needed for the process.

Answer: 4. Photosynthesis will not take place because intact chloroplasts are needed for the process.

Question 103. The first reaction in photorespiration is

1. Carboxylation
2. Decarboxylation
3. Oxygenation
4. Phosphorylation

Answer: 3. Oxygenation

Question 104. The law of limiting factors, in photosynthesis, was given by

1. R. Hill
2. Calvin
3. Blackman
4. Amon

Answer: 3. Blackman

Question 105. Carbon dioxide acceptor in C₃ plants is

1. PEP
2. RuDP
3. PGA
4. NADP

Answer: 2. RuDP

Question 106. Insectivorous plants grow in soils which are deficient in

1. Nitrogen
2. Calcium
3. Magnesium
4. Carbohydrate

Answer: 1. Nitrogen

Question 107. Quantasomcs are found in

1. Mitochondria
2. Chloroplast
3. Lysosome
4. Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: 2. Chloroplast

Question 108. During photosynthesis,

1. O₂ evolved comes from CO₂
2. ATP is formed
3. ATP is not formed
4. Water is required as a medium but it does not take part in photosynthesis

Answer: 2. ATP is formed

Question 109. Cu is present in

1. Plasmaletnma
2. Plastoquinone
3. Plastocyanin
4. Ferrcdoxin

Answer: 3. Plastocyanin

Question 110. In which of the following, oxygen does not evolve during photosynthesis?

1. Photosynthetic red algae
2. Photosynthetic green algae
3. Photosynthetic blue-green algae
4. Photosynthetic bacteria

Answer: 4. Photosynthetic bacteria

Question 111. In the process of photosynthesis,

1. O₂ is taken and CO₂ is evolved
2. O₂ is taken and CO₂ is not evolved
3. CO₂ is taken and O₂ is evolved
4. CO₂ is taken and NO₂ is evolved

Answer: 3. CO₂ is taken and O₂ is evolved

Question 112. Cuscuta is a

1. Parasitic plant
2. Symbiotic plant
3. Predator
4. Decomposer

Answer: 1. Parasitic plant

Question 113. In photosynthesis, there is

1. Reduction of H₂O
2. Oxidation of H₂O
3. Oxidation of CO₂
4. Oxidation of NO₂

Answer: 2. Oxidation of H₂O

Question 114. In case of C₄ plants, the acceptor of CO₂ is

1. Phosphoglyceraldehyde
2. Ribulose monophosphate
3. Phosphoenol pyruvate
4. Ribulose diphosphate

Answer: 3. Phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 115. The first step in the light reaction of photosynthesis is

1. Formation of ATP
2. Ionization of water
3. Attachment of CO₂ to a pentose sugar
4. Excitement of electron of chlorophyll by a photon of light

Answer: 4. Excitement of electron of chlorophyll by a photon of light

Question 116. Sugarcane shows high efficiency for CO₂ fixation because of

1. Calvin cycle
2. Hatch and Slack cycle
3. TCA cycle
4. Greater sunlight

Answer: 2. Hatch and Slack cycle

Question 117. The source of CO₂ for photosynthesis during day in CAM plants is

1. 3-PGA
2. Malic acid
3. Oxaloacetic acid
4. Pyruvate

Answer: 2. Malic acid

Question 118. Chlorophyll has in its center.

1. Iron
2. Magnesium
3. Copper
4. Sulfur

Answer: 2. Magnesium

Question 119. Calvin cycle of C₄ plants operates in

1. Grana of mesophyll chloroplasts
2. Stroma of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells
3. Bundle sheath cells chloroplasts
4. Wrong statements wrong

Answer: 3. Bundle sheath cells chloroplasts

Question 120. Photorespiration takes place in

1. Chloroplast, mitochondria
2. Mitochondria, peroxisome
3. Bundle sheath chloroplasts
4. Chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondria

Answer: 4. Chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondria

Question 121. Which one is false about Kranz’s anatomy?

1. Bundle sheath cells have large chloroplast and less developed grana.
2. Mesophyll cells have large chloroplast and more developed grana.
3. It is found in triplex, sugarcane, and maize.
4. Plants having it have better photosynthesizing power than C₃ plants.

Answer: 2. Mesophyll cells have large chloroplast and more developed grana.

Question 122. Who discovered that CO₂ is taken in and O₂ is released by green plants?

1. Meyer
2. Ijugen Housz
3. Senebier
4. Priestly

Answer: 4. Priestly

Question 123. Primitive photosynthetic plants utilize solar energy by

1. Cyclic photophosphorylation
2. Z-scheme
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. Calvin cycle

Answer: 1. Cyclic photophosphorylation

Question 124. Which one of the following is a wasteful process?

1. Photorespiration
2. Respiration
3. Photosynthesis
4. ETS

Answer: 1. Photorespiration

Question 125. DCMU

1. Inhibits PS-1
2. Inhibits PS-2
3. Destroys chloroplast
4. Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation

Answer: 2. Inhibits PS-2

Question 126. NH₃ releases from

1. Photorespiration
2. Dark respiration
3. CAM
4. All of these

Answer: 1. Photorespiration

Question 127. Photosystem 1 and Photosystem 2 are found in the

1. Stroma of chloroplast
2. Grana of chloroplast
3. Ma trix of mitochondria
4. The inner membrane of mitochondria

Answer: 2. Grana of chloroplast

Question 128. A cell organelle essential for photorespiration is

1. Ribosome
2. Dictyosome
3. Peroxisome
4. Cilyoxisome

Answer: 3. Peroxisome

Question 129. In which of the following the rate of transpiration is high?

1. CAM Plant
2. C₃ plants
3. C₃ and C₄
4. C₄ plants

Answer: 2. C₃ plants

Question 130. Of which cell organelle is grana a part?

1. Mitochondria
2. Chloroplast
3. Aleurone grain
4. Starch grain

Answer: 2. Chloroplast

Question 131. The substrate of photorespiration is

1. Glycolate
2. Glucose
3. Pyruvic acid
4. Acetyl COA

Answer: 1. Glycolate

Question 132. The maximum light absorbed by the chlorophyll-a is at the wavelength of

1. 460 nm
2. 500 nm
3. 600 nm
4. 660 nm

Answer: 1. 460 nm

Question 133. During photosynthesis, oxygen is evolved from

1. H₂S
2. H₂O
3. CO₂
4. HCO₃

Answer: 2. H₂O

Question 134. Which of the following acts as an electron carrier in both photosynthesis and respiration?

1. Ferredoxin
2. Phytochrome
3. Cytochrome
4. Cryptochrome

Answer: 3. Cytochrome

Question 135. The photosynthetic unit is

1. Glyoxysome
2. Spherosome
3. Microsome
4. Quanasome

Answer: 4. Quanasome

Question 136. Warburg effect is related with

1. Concentration of O₂
2. Concentration of N
3. Concentration of H₂
4. Concentration of Cilyoxisome

Answer: 1. Concentration of O₂

Question 137. Stroma is the ground substance of

1. Endoplasmic reticulum
2. Mitochondria
3. Nucleolus
4. Chloroplast

Answer: 4. Chloroplast

Question 138. Which of the following peroxisomes in plants are associated?

1. Photorespiration
2. Photosynthesis
3. Photoperiodism
4. Phototropism

Answer: 1. Photorespiration

Question 139. In C₃ plants, the first stable product of photosynthesis is

1. Malic acid
2. Oxaloacetic acid
3. Phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)
4. Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)

Answer: 3. Phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)

Question 140. The process of taking CO₂ by plants and releasing O₂ is known as

1. Photosynthesis
2. Endosmosis
3. Transpiration
4. Respiration

Answer: 1. Photosynthesis

Question 141. Which of the colors of light is mostly absorbed by chlorophyll-a?

1. Green
2. Red
3. Blue
4. Infrared

Answer: 3. Blue

Question 142. In photosynthesis, ATP is synthesized during

1. Cyclic photophosphorylation
2. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. In the photolysis of water

Answer: 3. Both (1) and (2)

Question 143. Which of the following elements is essential for the photolysis of water?

1. Fe
2. Mg
3. Mn
4. Cu

Answer: 3. Mn

Question 144. Peroxisomes are concerned with

1. Respiration
2. Photorespiration
3. Photosynthesis
4. Flowering

Answer: 2. Photorespiration

Question 145. The reduction process of CO₂ and ATP formation in plants has a relationship. In this reaction, ATP is

1. Formed
2. Utilized
3. Not utilized
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Utilized

Question 146. ATP synthesis during photosynthesis is termed as

1. Phosphorylation
2. Oxidative phosphorylation
3. Photophosphorylation
4. Photorespiration

Answer: 3. Photophosphorylation

Question 147. Which of the following is used during the discovery of Calvin?

1. Spirogyra
2. Volvox
3. Chlamydomonas
4. Chlorella

Answer: 4. Chlorella

Question 148. The primary receptor of CO₂ in photosynthesis is

1. Phosphoric acid
2. Ribulose phosphate
3. Glucose
4. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate

Answer: 4. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate

Question 149. In sugarcane plants, ¹⁴CO₂ is fixed in malic acid, in which the enzyme that fixes CO₂ is

1. Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase
2. Phosphoenol pyruvic acid carboxylase (PEP-case)
3. Ribulose phosphate kinase
4. Fructose phosphatase

Answer: 2. Phosphoenol pyruvic acid carboxylase (PEP-case)

Question 150. Photorespiration in C₃ plants starts from

1. Phosphoglycerate
2. Glycerate
3. Glycine
4. Phosphoglycolate

Answer: 4. Phosphoglycolate

Question 151. The substrate of photorespiration is

1. Glycolate
2. Glucose
3. Pyruvic acid
4. Acetyl CoA

Answer: 1. Glycolate

Question 152. Tracer elements are

1. Micro-elements
2. Macro-elements
3. Radio-isotopes
4. Vitamins

Answer: 3. Radio-isotopes

Question 153. Choose the correct match. Bladderwort, sundew, Venus flytrap

1. Nepenthes, Dionaea, Drosera
2. Nepenthes, Utricularia, Vanda
3. Utricularia. Drosera, Dionaea
4. Dionaea, Trapa, Vanda

Answer: 3. Utricularia. Drosera, Dionaea

Question 154. Which of the following is wrong in relation to photorespiration?

1. It occurs is chloroplasts.
2. It occurs in the daytime only.
3. It is a characteristic of C₄ plants.
4. It is a characteristic of C₃ plants.

Answer: 3. It is a characteristic of C₃ plants.

Question 155. Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) represents the following range of wavelengths.

1. 400-700 nm
2. 500-600 nm
3. 450-950 nm
4. 340-150 nm

Answer: 1. 400-700 nm

Question 156. In C₃ plants, the first stable product of photosynthesis during the dark reaction is

1. Phosphoglyceraldehyde
2. Malic acid
3. Oxaloacetic acid
4. 3-Phosphoglyceric acid

Answer: 4. 3-Phosphoglyceric acid

Question 157. Plants adapted to low light intensity have

1. Leaves modified to spines
2. Large photosynthetic unit size than the sun plants
3. Higher rate of CO₂ fixation than the sun plants
4. More extended root system

Answer: 2. Larger photosynthetic unit size than the sun plants

Question 158. In chloroplast, chlorophyll is present in the

1. Stroma
2. Outer membrane
3. Inner membrane
4. Thylakoids

Answer: 4. Thylakoids

Question 159. Which one of the following categories of organisms do not evolve oxygen during photosynthesis?

1. Red algae
2. Photosynthetic bacteria
3. C₄ plants with Kranz anatomy
4. Blue-green algae

Answer: 2. Photosynthetic bacteria

Question 160. Which pair is wrong?

1. C₃ plant—Maize
2. Calvin cycle—PGA
3. Hatch-Slack cycle—OAA
4. C₄ plant—Kranz anatomy

Answer: 1. C₄ plant—Maize

Question 161. Photosynthesis in C₄ plants is relatively less limited by atmospheric CO₂ levels because

1. Four carbon acids are the primary initial CO₂ fixation products
2. The primary fixation CO₂ is mediated via PEP carboxylase
3. Effective pumping of CO₂ into bundle sheath cells
4. RuBisCO in C₄ plants has a higher affinity for CO₂

Answer: 3. Effective pumping of CO₂ into bundle sheath cells

Question 162. Chlorophyll in chloroplasts is located in

1. Grana
2. Pyrcnoid
3. Stroma
4. Both grana and stroma

Answer: 1. Grana

Question 163. As compared to a C₃ plant, how many additional molecules of ATP are needed for the net production of one molecule of hexose sugar by C₄ plants?

1. Two
2. Six
3. Zero
4. Twelve

Answer: 4. Twelve

Question 164. Carbohydrates, the most abundant biomolecules on earth, are produced by

1. All bacteria, fungi, and algae
2. Fungi, algae, and green plant cells
3. Some bacteria, algae, and green plant cells
4. Viruses, fungi, and bacteria

Answer: 3. Some bacteria, algae, and green plant cells

Question 165. The deficiencies of micronutrients not only affect the growth of plants but also vital functions such as photo-synthetic and mitochondrial electron flow. Among the list given below, which group of three elements shall affect the most both photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transport?

1. Cu, Mn, Fe
2. Co, Ni, Mo
3. Mn, Co, Ca
4. Ca, K, Na

Answer: 1. Cu, Mn, Fe

Question 166. The chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on

1. Proton gradient
2. Accumulation of K ions
3. Accumulation of Na ions
4. Membrane potential

Answer: 1. Proton gradient

Question 167. Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) has the following range of wavelengths

1. 400-700 nm
2. 450-920 nm
3. 340-450 nm
4. 500-600 nm

Answer: 1. 400-700 nm

Question 168. In the light reaction of photosynthesis, oxygen comes from

1. Water
2. CO₂
3. Soil
4. Atmosphere

Answer: 1. Water

Question 169. The product of light reaction of photosynthesis is

1. Carbohydrate
2. ATP
3. NADP and O₂
4. NADPH₂, ATP, and O₂

Answer: 4. NADPH₂, ATP, and O₂

Question 170. In photosystem-1, the first electron acceptor is

1. Plastocyanin
2. An iron-sulfur protein
3. Ferredoxin
4. Cytochrome

Answer: 2. An iron-sulfur protein

Question 171. The translocation of organic solutes in sieve tube members is supported by

1. Mass How involving a carrier and ATP
2. Cytoplasmic streaming
3. Root pressure and transpiration pull
4. P-protein

Answer: 1. Mass How involving a carrier and ATP

Question 172. During photorespiration, the oxygen-consuming reaction(s) occur(s) in the

1. Grana of chloroplasts and peroxisomes
2. Stroma of chloroplasts
3. Stroma of chloroplasts and mitochondria
4. Stroma of chloroplasts and peroxisomes

Answer: 4. Stroma of chloroplasts and peroxisomes

Question 173. The first acceptor of electrons from an excited chlorophyll molecule of photosystem-2 is

1. Quinone
2. Cytochrome
3. Iron-sulfur protein
4. Ferredoxin

Answer: 1. Quinone

Question 174. In the leaves of C₄ plants, malic acid formation during CO₂ fixation occurs in the cells of

1. Epidermis
2. Mesophyll
3. Bundle sheath
4. Phloem

Answer: 2. Mesophyll

Question 175. In leaves of C₄ plants, malic acid synthesis during CO₂ fixation occurs in

1. Bundle sheath
2. Guard cells
3. Epidermal cells
4. Mesophyll cells

Answer: 4. Mesophyll cells

Question 176. The C₄ plants are photosynthetically more efficient then C₃ plants because

1. The CO₂ efflux is not prevented.
2. They have more chloroplasts
3. The CO₂ compensation point is more.
4. CO₂ generated during photorespiration is trapped and recycled through PEP carboxylase

Answer: 2. They have more chloroplasts

Question 177. Electrons from the excited chlorophyll molecule of photosystem 2 are accepted first by

1. Quinone
2. Ferredoxin
3. Cytochrome-b
4. Cytochrome-f

Answer: 1. Quinone

Question 178. Stroma in the chloroplasts of higher plant contains

1. Chlorophyll
2. Light-independent reaction enzymes
3. Light-independent reaction enzymes
4. Ribosomes

Answer: 3. Light-independent reaction enzymes

Question 179. Oxygenic photosynthesis occurs in

1. Chlorohium
2. Chromatium
3. Oscillatoria
4. Rhodospirillum

Answer: 3. Oscillatoria

Question 180. Cyclic photophosphorylation results in the formation of

1. ATP
2. NADPH
3. ATP and NADPH
4. ATP, NADPH, and O₂

Answer: 1. ATP

Question 181. PGA as the first CO₂ fixation product was discovered in the photosynthesis of

1. Angiosperm
2. Alga
3. Bryophyte
4. Gymnosperm

Answer: 2. Alga

Question 182. C₄ plants are more efficient in photosynthesis than C₃ plants due to

1. Presence of thin cuticle
2. Lower rate of photorespiration
3. Higher leaf area
4. The presence of larger number of chloroplasts in the leaf cells

Answer: 2. Lower rate of photorespiration

Question 183. Kranz anatomy is one of the characteristics of the leaves of

1. What
2. Sugarcane
3. Mustard
4. Potato

Answer: 2. Sugarcane

Question 184. Study the pathway given. In which of the following options, correct words for all the three blanks A, B, and C are indicated?

Answer: 2

Question 185. Read the following four statements, A, B, C, and D, and select the right option having both correct statements

1. Z scheme of light reaction takes place in the presence of PS-1 only.
2. Only PS-1 is functional in cyclic photophosphorylation.
3. Cyclic photophosphorylation results in the synthesis of ATP and NADPH₂.
4. Stroma lamellae lack PS-2 as well as NADP.

1. A and B
2. B and C
3. C and D
4. B and D

Answer: 4. B and D

Question 186. A process that makes an important difference between C₃ and C₄ plants is

1. Glycolysis
2. Photosynthesis
3. Photorespiration
4. Transpiration

Answer: 3. Photorespiration

Question 187. Which one of the following organisms is correctly matched with its three characteristics?

1. Pea: C₃ pathway, Endospermic seed, Vexillary aestivation
2. Tomato: Twisted aestivation, Axile placentation, Berry
3. Onion: Bulb, Imbricate aestivation, Axile placentation
4. Maize: C₃ pathway, Closed vascular bundles, Scutellum

Answer: 3. Onion: Bulb, Imbricate aestivation, Axile placentation